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Ablative Materials!

 ABLATIVE MATERIALS: A NEW GEN OF INDUSTRIES!


What are Ablative Materials?


So basically, These materials are unique kind of materials, where they accommodate virtually high temperature or heat flux conditions and automatically controls the surface temperature by restricting any internal flow of heat & expands for each pound of material. These are materials which are also used to protect the vehicles from entry of any atmospheric particles These materials use a heat shield for a vehicle to protect it from excessive heating and also acts as structured component. This process of protecting the material from excess heating is done by the elimination of thermal energy by sacrifice of surface materials.


The process:


The process involved is known as "ablation". The process describes the absorption, dissipation and blockage of heat associated with high-speed entry into the atmosphere. Ablative materials are applied to the exterior of load bearing structure where it will redirect heat energy into a chemical reaction which causes ablate. Ablation is a heat and mass transfer process in which a large amount of heat is dissipated in a very short time with sacrificial loss of material.


These Ablative Materials are divided into 3 categories;

[1] Subliming or Melting Ablators

[2] Charring Ablators

[3] Intumescent Ablators


Subliming Ablators act as heat sinks until material reaches Melting temperature then removes heat from insulation materials. In charring Ablator the surface material act as heat sink upto reaction temperature. When charred surface is eroded more char forms. Instumescent Ablators form a foam like region on exposure to heat, resulting in improved insulation performance.


The stages in which Ablative Materials work are:

>Absorption of incident heat

> Thermal degradation

> Vaporization of organic compounds & leaving residual char layer

> Surface precession

> Exposing fibre reinforcement



APPLICATIONS:

We consider here two main applications-

(1) SPACECRAFT 

Ablative materias is used in rocket where it is used to resist huge thermo-mechanical desire because of forming high level

velocity and friction with respect to the atmosphere. This is also in 

effect with during the return, the heat fluxes can be very high in 

the atmosphere, and thus, an adequate thermal protection is required for which Ablative Materials play a huge role.


(2) PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION

Buildings and construction structures, passive fire 

protection’s main purpose is give a shot at getting low effects of fire. The fire protection system’s usage aims to 

maintain the temperature of the building component (structural 

steel element, electrical installation) below the critical 

temperature during the fire but also is intended to contain fire in the intial stage for a fixed interval. The thermal insulation barrier, endothermic building materials including

concrete and gypsum, and also novel solution based on alkali-

activated binders. Concrete is considered to be fire protective.


To end up we have seen that Ablative Materials play a great role in mechanical as well as aerospace industry. They can also be considered as future of the new material industry keeping the de-merits in line.

- Aditi Shukla

yaanthrik club JGI

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